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基于改进网格搜索的单星多普勒定位方法*

廖静1,2,4, 李国通1,2,3,4†, 黄晨光1,3,4, 王海旺4, 常家超4, 肖洋4   

  1. 1 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院,上海 201210;
    2 上海科技大学信息科学与技术学院,上海 201210;
    3 中国科学院大学,北京 100049;
    4 上海垣信卫星科技有限公司,上海 201600
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-03 修回日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-05-18
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:ligt@microsate.com
  • 基金资助:
    *中国科学院下一代导航关键技术攻关课题(Y5XXZYDH01)和国家重点研发计划(2025YFF0522600)资助

Single satellite Doppler localization method based on improved grid search

LIAO Jing1,2,4, LI Guotong1,2,3,4, HUANG Chenguang1,3,4, WANG Haiwang4, CHANG Jiachao4, XIAO Yang4   

  1. 1 Innovation Academy for Microsatellites, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China;
    2 School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China;
    3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    4 Shanghai Spacesail Technologies Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201600, China
  • Received:2026-03-03 Revised:2026-05-18 Published:2026-05-18

摘要: 随着低轨卫星技术的快速发展,由于多普勒效应具有显著优势,低轨卫星导航定位成为新的研究热点。在低轨单星多普勒定位场景中,针对传统搜索法存在定位模糊点以及定位精度不足的问题,本文提出了一种基于改进网格搜索的单星多普勒定位方法。该方法在粗搜索阶段利用卫星与终端之间的几何关系,在不依赖于任何先验信息的条件下消除传统方法中的模糊解;在精搜索阶段引入DBSCAN聚类对候选点进行分析处理,并利用加权融合技术优化候选点,进而降低离群点的影响,提高定位精度和稳健性。通过千帆星座在轨实测数据验证,本文算法较传统算法在复杂度相近的情况下,可将定位精度提升至百米内。

关键词: 低轨卫星, 多普勒定位, 网格搜索, 聚类分析

Abstract: With the rapid development of low Earth orbit satellite technology, Doppler-based positioning has become a new research hotspot due to its significant advantages. In the single-satellite Doppler positioning scenario of low Earth orbit, due to the problems of positioning ambiguity and insufficient positioning accuracy in the traditional search method, this paper proposes a single-satellite Doppler positioning method based on improved grid search. In the coarse search stage, this method utilizes the geometric relationship between the satellite and the terminal to eliminate the ambiguous solutions in the traditional method without relying on any prior information; in the fine search stage, the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is introduced to analyze and process the candidate points, and weighted fusion technology is used to optimize the candidate points, thereby reducing the influence of outliers and improving positioning accuracy and robustness. Through the on-orbit measured data of the Spacesail constellation, it is verified that this algorithm can improve the positioning accuracy to within hundreds of meters compared to the traditional algorithm under similar complexity conditions.

Key words: low earth orbit satellite, Doppler positioning, grid search, cluster analysis

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