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北京市能源消费结构演化及其对碳排放的影响解析*

戴亦杨, 韩梦瑶, 宋周莺   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101;
    中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-27 修回日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-18
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:songzy@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    *北京市自然科学基金“启研”计划(QY23193)资助

Analysis of the evolution of energy consumption structure and its impact on carbon emissions in Beijing

DAI Yiyang, HAN Mengyao, SONG Zhouying   

  1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2025-10-27 Revised:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-18

摘要: 优化能源消费结构是碳减排的重要举措。分析北京市能源消费结构及其碳排放,有助于为北京市在无煤化阶段精细化调整能源结构、实施部门差异化能源政策提供支撑。本文先梳理北京市能源消费结构与碳排放的演化过程,然后采用LMDI方法解析能源消费结构调整对碳排放的贡献,利用超越对数生产函数模型分析能源替代效应对碳排放影响的演变。研究主要结果如下:(1)北京市能源结构显著清洁化,碳排放格局由本地化石能源约束转向外调能源与电力低碳约束并存。2001—2021年经历快速增长、波动调整与再增长3阶段,工业与交通碳排放占主导,居民生活和服务业减排贡献有限。(2)宏观层面,能源结构调整是北京市碳减排的重要驱动,呈阶段性波动且边际递减。2011—2015年政策推动煤炭压减与清洁能源替代,减排贡献达到峰值;2016年后能源转型重点转向电替油气,边际减排效应明显减弱。工业部门贡献最大,其他生产部门和居民生活部门次之。(3)微观层面,电力替代油品和天然气均可降低化石能源直接排放,但总量减排效果受调入电力间接排放约束。其中,“电替油”直接减排作用更强,交通运输部门减排效果最为显著,建筑业具有一定减排潜力;“电替气”整体减排效果偏弱,但工业部门后期已开始表现出总量减排潜力。

关键词: 能源消费结构, 碳排放, LMDI, 能源替代效应, 北京市

Abstract: Optimizing Beijing’s energy structure is crucial for its post-coal carbon reduction strategy. This paper analyzes Beijing’s energy evolution (2001-2021) using the LMDI method and translog production functions to assess structural adjustment and substitution effects. Key findings: (1) Beijing’s energy has shifted from local fossil fuels to imported and low-carbon electricity, with industry and transport remaining the primary emission sources. (2) At the macro level, structural adjustments peaked in emission reduction during 2011-2015 but now show diminishing marginal returns as the focus shifts to oil/gas-to-electricity substitution. (3) At the micro level, substituting electricity for oil and natural gas can reduce direct fossil-fuel emissions, but the total emission reduction effect is constrained by indirect emissions from imported electricity. Electricity substitution for oil has a stronger direct emission reduction effect, with the most significant effect in the transport sector and certain potential in the construction sector. Electricity substitution for natural gas has a weaker overall emission reduction effect, although the industrial sector has begun to show potential for total emission reduction in the later period.

Key words: energy consumption structure, carbon emissions, LMDI, energy substitution effect, Beijing

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